Who are we? Are humans intrinsically good or hopelessly corrupt? Students attuned to current affairs reporting deadly wars, tragic genocide, and political strife, may conclude violent animus runs deep within. Those who consider increases in longevity, the standard of living, and technological progress may well assume we are fundamentally altruistic and benevolent. So which is it? The question is key for interpreting not just history but one’s own life and role in it. We see similar questions raised from the opening pages of the Bible. This talk provides a framework for teachers to understand polarizing philosophical claims of thinkers like Hobbes and Rousseau as well as Biblical perspectives on this weighty question while making connections to outcomes in Religious Education as well as Social Studies.