In 2022 and 2023, the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) conducted 70 interviews with heads and staff members of the EU-27 national Data Protection Authorities. Through these interviews, FRA collected experiences, challenges and good practices when it comes to enforcing the GDPR. In this report, FRA 1. identifies common trends and difficulties across Member States, 2. showcases how difficulties can practically harm the effective implementation of DPAs’ mandate, and 3. presents close to 40...