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Ophthalmic findings in marginally housed women in a Canadian urban city

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What:
Paper Presentation | Présentation d'article
When:
11:00 AM, Sunday 12 Jun 2022 (6 minutes)
Where:
Themes:
Public Health and Global OphthalmologyAward WinnerThird Prize, COS Awards of Excellence

Authors: Mariam Issa ,Teresa Park, , Mirriam Mikhail, Sophia Duong, Harleen Bedi, Shangjun Jiang, Victoria Wylson, Gerald Lebovic, Myrna Lichter. 

Author Disclosure Block: T. Park: None. M. Issa: None. M. Mikhail: None. S. Duong: None. H. Bedi:
None. S. Jiang: None. V. Wylson: None. G. Lebovic: None. M. Lichter: None.

Abstract Body:

Purpose: Poor visual acuity (VA) is heavily correlated with reduced well-being and decreased earning potential. However, little is known about the prevalence of ocular pathology and barriers to eye care experienced by women with marginalized housing, history of abuse, violence, and/or trafficking. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) among marginalized housed women in Toronto, to identify common causes of VI and to determine the relation between various demographic features (such as refugee status, head trauma and eye trauma) on VI.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study

Methods: Using a stratified random sampling technique, we recruited 93 vulnerable women living in 10 randomly selected women’s shelters in Toronto, Canada between May-November 2018. Data on socioeconomics, medical and ocular history, subjective visual acuity, and access to eye care was obtained. Comprehensive visual screening including autorefraction and dilated fundoscopic exams were performed for each participant.

Results: The median age was 40 years (IQR, 30.5-54 years) and the median lifetime duration of homelessness was 8 months (IQR 2.25-20.5 months). Most participants had some degree of postsecondary education (62.4%) and 54.3% had a monthly income less than five hundred Canadian dollars. 63.4% of participants reported a history of abuse, 44.9% experienced head trauma, 15.9% experienced eye trauma, 22.5% identified as refugees and 2.17% (2/92) have been victims of human trafficking. On univariate analysis, the above variables were not found to be significantly related to vision problem severity as defined by the LogMar value of the worse seeing eye. Based on the presenting visual acuity, 27.8% (95%CI [18.9-38.2]) of participants were found to have VI. This translates to 2795 per 10 000. Of all the participants, 64.5% had 1 or more abnormal findings during the vision screening, and 40.9% needed follow-up by an ophthalmologist. Although the major problem for this demographic was limited access to refractive correction, nonrefractive pathology was also observed. Most of participants (96.7%) expressed interest in accessing free eye examinations.

Conclusions: There is high prevalence of VI among homeless women living in Toronto. Complex psychosocial circumstances pose additional psychological and logistical barriers that impact their ability to access care. Improved access to vision screening may help address unmet eye needs in this population.
 

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